 |
1 |
Abdelsalam, H., Saha, P., and Williams, L.L.R., “Non-parametric reconstruction of cluster
mass distribution from strong lensing: modelling Abell 370”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 294,
734–734, (1998). [ astro-ph/9707207].
|
 |
2 |
Abe, F. (The PLANET collaboration), “The MOA Project”, in Ferlet, R., Maillard, J.P., and
Raban, B., eds., Variables Stars and the Astrophysical Returns of the Microlensing Surveys,
Proceedings of the 12th IAP Astrophysics Meeting, July 8 – 12, 1996, Institut d’Astrophysique
de Paris, (Editions Frontières, Gif-sur-Yvette, 1997).
|
 |
3 |
Alard, C., and Guibert, J., “The DUO single lens candidates. I. The 1994 campaign”, Astron.
Astrophys., 326, 1–12, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
4 |
Albrow, M. (The PLANET collaboration), “The Planet Collaboration: Probing Lensing
Anomalies”, in Ferlet, R., Maillard, J.P., and Raban, B., eds., Variables Stars and the
Astrophysical Returns of the Microlensing Surveys, Proceedings of the 12th IAP Astrophysics
Meeting, July 8 – 12, 1996, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, (Editions Frontières,
Gif-sur-Yvette, 1997). [ astro-ph/9610128].
|
 |
5 |
Alcock, C., Akerlof, C.W., Allsman, R.A., Axelrod, T.S., and Bennett, D.P., “Possible
gravitational microlensing of a star in the Large Magellanic Cloud”, Nature, 365, 621, (1993).
|
 |
6 |
Alcock, C., Allsman, R.A., Alves, D., Axelrod, T.S., and Becker, A.C., “The MACHO Project
Large Magellanic Cloud microlensing results from the first two years and the nature of the
galactic dark halo”, Astrophys. J., 486, 697–726, (1997).
|
 |
7 |
Alcock, C., Allsman, R.A., Alves, D., Axelrod, T.S., and Bennett, D.P., “The MACHO project:
45 candidate microlensing events from the first-year galactic bulge data”, Astrophys. J., 479,
119–146, (1997).
|
 |
8 |
Allen, S.W., “Resolving the discrepancy between X-ray and gravitational lensing mass
measurements for clusters of galaxies”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 269, 392–406, (1998).
[ astro-ph/9710217].
|
 |
9 |
Ansari, R., Aurière, M., Baillon, P., Bouquet, A., Coupinot, G., Coutures, C., Ghesquière,
C., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gondolo, P., Hecquet, J., Kaplan, J., Le Du, Y., Melchior, A.L.,
Moniez, M., Picat, J.P., and Soucail, G., “AGAPE: a search for dark matter towards M 31 by
microlensing effects on unresolved stars”, Astron. Astrophys., 324, 843–856, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
10 |
Ansari, R., Cavalier, F., Moniez, M., Aubourg, É., Bareyre, P., Bréhin, S., Gros, M.,
Lachièze-Rey, M., Laurent, B., Lesquoy, É., Magneville, C., Milsztajn, A., Moscoso, L.,
Queinnec, F., Renault, C., Rich, J., Spiro, M., Vigroux, L., Zylberajch, S., Beaulieu, J.-P.,
Ferlet, R., Grison, P., Vidal-Madjar, A., Guibert, J., Moreau, O., Tajahmady, F., Maurice, É.,
Prèvôt, L., and Gry, C., “Observational limits on the contribution of sub-stellar and stellar
objects to the galactic halo”, Astron. Astrophys., 314, 94–103, (1996).
|
 |
11 |
Aubourg, É., Bareyre, P., Bréhin, S., Gros, M., Lachièze-Rey, M., Laurent, B., Lesquoy,
É., Magneville, C., Milsztajn, A., Moscoso, L., Queinnec, F., Rich, J., Spiro, M., Vigroux,
L., Zylberajch, S., Ansari, R., Cavalier, F., Moniez, M., Beaulieu, J.-P., Ferlet, R., Grison, P.,
Vidal-Madjar, A., Guibert, J., Moreau, O., Tajahmady, F., Maurice, É., Prèvôt, L., and
Gry, C., “Evidence for gravitational microlensing by dark objects in the Galactic halo”, Nature,
365, 623, (1993).
|
 |
12 |
Barkana, R., “Effect of Large-Scale Structure on Multiply Imaged Sources”, Astrophys. J., 468,
17–27, (1996).
|
 |
13 |
Barkana, R., “Fast calculation of a family of elliptical gravitational lens models”, arXiv e-print,
(1998). [ astro-ph/9802002].
|
 |
14 |
Barnothy, J.M., “Quasars and the gravitational image intensifier”, Astron. J., 70, 666, (1965).
|
 |
15 |
Bartelmann, M., “Cluster mass estimates from weak lensing”, Astron. Astrophys., 303,
643–655, (1995). [ ADS].
|
 |
16 |
Bartelmann, M., “Cosmological parameters from angular correlations between QSOs and
galaxies”, Astron. Astrophys., 298, 661–67, (1995). [ ADS].
|
 |
17 |
Bartelmann, M., “Arcs from a universal dark-matter halo profile”, Astron. Astrophys., 313,
697–702, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
18 |
Bartelmann, M., Huss, A., Colberg, J.M., Jenkins, A., and Pearce, F.R., “Arc statistics with
realistic cluster potentials IV. Clusters in different cosmologies”, Astron. Astrophys., 330, 1–9,
(1998). [ ADS].
|
 |
19 |
Bartelmann, M., Narayan, R., Seitz, S., and Schneider, P., “Maximum Likelihood Cluster
Reconstruction”, Astrophys. J. Lett., 464, L115–L118, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
20 |
Bartelmann, M., and Schneider, P., “Weak gravitational lensing”, Phys. Rep., 340, 291–472,
(2001). [ astro-ph/9912508].
|
 |
21 |
Bernardeau, F., Van Waerbeke, L., and Mellier, Y., “Weak lensing statistics as a probe of Ω
and power spectrum”, Astron. Astrophys., 322, 1–18, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
22 |
Biggs, A., “A new determination of the time delay in 0218+357”, in Jackson, N., ed., Golden
Lenses: The Hubble Constant and Galaxies at High Redshift, Proceedings of a workshop held
at Jodrell Bank, University of Manchester, June 23 – 25 1997, (Jodrell Bank Observatory,
Manchester, 1997). Related online version (cited on 19 January 2005):
http://www.astro.multivax.de:8000/ceres/workshop1/proceedings.html.
|
 |
23 |
Blandford, R.D., and Kochanek, C.S., “Gravitational Lenses”, in Bahcall, J.N., Weinberg, S.,
and Piran, T., eds., Dark Matter in the Universe, Proceedings of the 4th Jerusalem Winter
School for Theoretical Physics, Jerusalem, 30 December 1986 – 8 January 1987, p. 133, (World
Scientific, Singapore; Teaneck, NJ, 1987).
|
 |
24 |
Blandford, R.D., Kochanek, C.S., Kovner, I., and Narayan, R., “Gravitational Lens Optics”,
Science, 245, 824–830, (1989). [ ADS].
|
 |
25 |
Blandford, R.D., and Kundić, T., “Gravitational Lensing and the Extragalactic Distance
Scale”, in Livio, M., Donahue, M., and Panagia, N., eds., The Extragalactic Distance Scale,
Proceedings of the ST ScI Symposium, held in Baltimore, Maryland, May 7 – 10, 1996, Space
Telescope Science Institute Symposium Series, vol. 10, pp. 60–75, (Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge; New York, 1997). [ astro-ph/9611229].
|
 |
26 |
Blandford, R.D., and Narayan, R., “Fermat’s principle, caustics, and the classification of
gravitational lens images”, Astrophys. J., 310, 568–582, (1986). [ ADS].
|
 |
27 |
Blandford, R.D., and Narayan, R., “Cosmological applications of gravitational lensing”, Annu.
Rev. Astron. Astrophys., 30, 311–358, (1992). [ ADS].
|
 |
28 |
Bliokh, P.V., and Minakov, A.A., Gravitational Lensing, (Izdatel’stvo Naukova Dumka, Kiev,
1989). [ ADS]. in Russian.
|
 |
29 |
Bonnet, H., and Mellier, Y., “Statistical analysis of weak gravitational shear in the extended
periphery of rich galaxy clusters”, Astron. Astrophys., 303, 331, (1995). [ ADS].
|
 |
30 |
Bourassa, R.R., and Kantowski, R., “The theory of transparent gravitational lenses”,
Astrophys. J., 195, 13–21, (1975). [ ADS].
|
 |
31 |
Brainerd, T., Blandford, R.D., and Smail, I., “Weak gravitational lensing by galaxies”,
Astrophys. J., 466, 623–637, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
32 |
Brecher, K., “Newton, Einstein, and Gravity”, in Cornell, J., and Lightman, A.P., eds.,
Revealing the Universe: Prediction and Proof in Astronomy, p. 17, (MIT Press, Cambridge,
1982).
|
 |
33 |
Broadhurst, T.J., Taylor, A.N., and Peacock, J.A., “Mapping cluster mass distributions via
gravitational of background galaxies”, Astrophys. J., 438, 49–61, (1995). [ ADS].
|
 |
34 |
Browne, I.W.A., Jackson, N., Augusto, P., and Henstock, D., “The JVAS/CLASS gravitational
lens surveys”, in Bremer, M.N., Jackson, N., and Pérez-Fournon, I., eds., Observational
Cosmology: With the New Radio Surveys, Proceedings of a workshop held in Puerto de la Cruz,
Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, 13 – 15 January 1997, (Kluwer, Dordrecht; Boston, 1997).
|
 |
35 |
Canizares, C.R., “Manifestations of a cosmological density of compact objects in quasar light”,
Astrophys. J., 263, 508–517, (1982). [ ADS].
|
 |
36 |
Carroll, S.M., Press, W.H., and Turner, E.L., “The cosmological constant”, Annu. Rev. Astron.
Astrophys., 30, 499–542, (1992). [ ADS].
|
 |
37 |
Chang, K., and Refsdal, S., “Flux variations of QSO0957+0561 A,B and image splitting by
stars near the light path”, Nature, 282, 561–564, (1979). [ ADS].
|
 |
38 |
Chang, K., and Refsdal, S., “Star disturbances in Gravitational Lens Galaxies”, Astron.
Astrophys., 132, 168–178, (1984). [ ADS]. Erratum: Astron. Astrophys. 139, 558, 1984.
|
 |
39 |
Chwolson, O., “Über eine mögliche Form fiktiver Doppelsterne”, Astron. Nachr., 221, 329,
(1924).
|
 |
40 |
Clark, E.E., “The uniform transparent gravitational lense”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 158,
233–243, (1972). [ ADS].
|
 |
41 |
Colley, W.N., Tyson, J.A., and Turner, E.L., “Unlensing Multiple Arcs in 0024+1654:
Reconstruction of the Source Image”, Astrophys. J., 461, L83–L86, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
42 |
Cooke, J.H., and Kantowski, R., “Time delays for multiply imaged quasars”, Astrophys. J.
Lett., 195, L11–L15, (1975). [ ADS].
|
 |
43 |
Courbin, F., Lidman, C., and Magain, P., “Detection of the lensing galaxy in HE 1104-1805”,
Astron. Astrophys., 330, 57–62, (1998). [ ADS].
|
 |
44 |
Crotts, A.P.S., and Tomaney, A.B., “Results from a Survey of Gravitational Microlensing
towards M31”, Astrophys. J. Lett., 473, L87–L90, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
45 |
Dalcanton, J.J., Canizares, C.R., Granados, A., Steidel, C.C., and Stocke, J.T., “Observational
limits on Ω in stars, brown dwarfs, and stellar remnants from gravitational microlensing”,
Astrophys. J., 424, 550–568, (1994). [ ADS].
|
 |
46 |
Dyer, C.C., and Roeder, R.C., “Distance-redshift relations for universes with some intergalactic
medium”, Astrophys. J. Lett., 180, L31–L34, (1973). [ ADS].
|
 |
47 |
Dyson, F.W., Eddington, A.S., and Davidson, C.R., “A determination of the deflection of light
by the sun’s gravitational field from observations made at the total eclipse of May 29, 1919”,
Mem. R. Astron. Soc., 62, 291, (1920).
|
 |
48 |
Ebbels, T., Ellis, R.S., Kneib, J.-P., Le Borgne, J.F., Pello, R., Smail, I., and Sanahuja, B.,
“Spectroscopic confirmation of redshifts predicted by gravitational lensing”, Mon. Not. R.
Astron. Soc., 295, 75–91, (1998). [ astro-ph/9703169].
|
 |
49 |
Ebbels, T.M.D., Le Borgne, J.-F., Pello, R., Ellis, R.S., Kneib, J.-P., Smail, I., and Sanahuja,
B., “Identification of a gravitationally lensed z=2.515 star-forming galaxy”, Mon. Not. R.
Astron. Soc., 281, L75–L81, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
50 |
Einstein, A., “Über den Einfluß der Schwerkraft auf die Ausbreitung des Lichtes”, Ann. Phys.
(Leipzig), 35, 898–908, (1911). Related online version (cited on 21 January 2005):
http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/Einstein-in-AdP.htm.
|
 |
51 |
Einstein, A., “Einstein’s letter to the American G.E. Hale”, project homepage, American
Institute of Physics, (1913). URL (cited on 14 September 1998):
http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/ae24.htm.
|
 |
52 |
Einstein, A., “Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie”, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 49,
769, (1916).
|
 |
53 |
Einstein, A., Vier Vorlesungen über Relativitätstheorie, (Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1922).
|
 |
54 |
Einstein, A., “Lens-like action of a star by the deviation of light in the gravitational field”,
Science, 84, 506, (1936).
|
 |
55 |
European Southern Observatory, “The Lensing Galaxy in HE 1104-1825”, institutional
homepage. URL (cited on 14 September 1998):
http://www.eso.org/outreach/press-rel/pr-1997/phot-21-97.html.
|
 |
56 |
Falco, E.E., Impey, C., Kochanek, C.S., Lehar, J., McLeod, B., and Rix, H.-W., “CASTLES
Survey: Gravitational Lens Data Base”, project homepage, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics. URL (cited on 15 September 1998):
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/glensdata/.
|
 |
57 |
Falco, E.E., Shapiro, I.I., Moustakas, L.A., and Davis, M., “An Estimate of H0 from Keck
Spectroscopy of the Gravitational Lens System 0957+561”, Astrophys. J., 484, 70–78, (1997).
[ ADS].
|
 |
58 |
Fischer, P., Bernstein, G.M., Rhee, G., and Tyson, J.A., “The mass distribution of the cluster
0957+561 from gravitational lensing”, Astrophys. J., 113, 521, (1997).
|
 |
59 |
Fort, B., and Mellier, Y., “Arc(let)s in clusters of galaxies”, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl., 5,
239–292, (1994). [ ADS].
|
 |
60 |
Fort, B., Mellier, Y., and Dantel-Fort, M., “Distribution of galaxies at large redshift and
cosmological parameters from the magnification bias in CL 0024+1654”, Astron. Astrophys.,
321, 353, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
61 |
Franx, M., Illingworth, G.D., Kelson, D.D., Van Dokkum, P.G., and Tran, K., “A Pair of
Lensed Galaxies at z = 4.92 in the Field of CL 1358+62”, Astrophys. J. Lett., 486, L75–L78,
(1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
62 |
Frieman, J.A., “Weak Lensing and the Measurement of q0 from Type Ia Supernovae”,
Comments Astrophys. Space Phys., 18, 323–333, (1997). [ astro-ph/9608068].
|
 |
63 |
Fukugita, M., Futamase, T., and Kasai, M., “A possible test for the cosmological constant with
gravitational lenses”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 246, 24–27, (1990). [ ADS].
|
 |
64 |
Gates, E.I., Gyuk, G., Holer, G.P., and Turner, M.S., “No Need for MACHOs in the Halo”,
Astrophys. J. Lett., 500, L145–L148, (1998). [ astro-ph/9711110].
|
 |
65 |
Gorenstein, M.V., Shapiro, I.I., and Falco, E.E., “Degeneracies in parameter estimation in
models of gravitational lens systems”, Astrophys. J., 327, 693–711, (1988). [ DOI], [ ADS].
|
 |
66 |
Gott III, J.R., “Are heavy halos made of low mass stars? A gravitational lens test”, Astrophys.
J., 243, 140–146, (1981). [ ADS].
|
 |
67 |
Gould, A., “Theory of pixel lensing”, Astrophys. J., 470, 201–210, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
68 |
Gould, A., and Miralda-Escudé, J., “Signatures of Accretion Disks in Quasar Microlensing”,
Astrophys. J., 483, L13–L16, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
69 |
Griest, K., “Galactic microlensing as a method of detecting massive compact halo objects”,
Astrophys. J., 366, 412–421, (1991). [ ADS].
|
 |
70 |
Grogin, N., and Narayan, R., “A new model of the gravitational lens 0957+561 and a limit on
the Hubble constant”, Astrophys. J., 464, 92–113, (1996). [ ADS]. Erratum: Astrophys. J. 473
(1996) 570.
|
 |
71 |
Gunn, J.E., “A fundamental limitation on the accuracy of angular measurements in
observational cosmology”, Astrophys. J., 147, 61–72, (1967). [ ADS].
|
 |
72 |
Gunn, J.E., “On the propagation of light in inhomogeneous cosmologies. I. Mean effects”,
Astrophys. J., 150, 737–753, (1967). [ ADS].
|
 |
73 |
Hammer, F., Gioia, I.M., Shaya, E.J., Teyssandier, P., Le Fevre, O., and Luppino, G.A.,
“Detailed Lensing Properties of the MS 2137-2353 Core and Reconstruction of Sources from
Hubble Space Telescope Imagery”, Astrophys. J., 491, 477, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
74 |
Hewitt, J.N., Turner, E.L., Schneider, D.P., Burke, B.F., Langston, G.I., and Lawrence, C.R.,
“Unusual radio source MG1131+0456: a possible Einstein ring”, Nature, 333, 537–540, (1988).
[ ADS].
|
 |
75 |
Hoekstra, H., Franx, M., Kuijken, K., and Squires, G., “Weak Lensing Analysis of CL 1358+62
using HST observations”, arXiv e-print, (1997). [ astro-ph/9711096].
|
 |
76 |
Huchra, J., Gorenstein, M., Kent, S., Shapiro, I., Smith, G., Horine, E., and Perley, R.,
“2237+0305: A New and Unusual Gravitational Lens”, Astron. J., 90, 691–696, (1985). [ ADS].
|
 |
77 |
IN2P3, “AGAPE: Andromeda Galaxy Amplified Pixel Experiment”, project homepage. URL
(cited on 18 January 2005):
http://cdfinfo.in2p3.fr/Experiences/Agape/.
|
 |
78 |
IN2P3, “EROS Home Page”, project homepage. URL (cited on 31 August 2001):
http://eros.in2p3.fr/.
|
 |
79 |
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), “PLANET Microlensing Collaboration Homepage”,
project homepage. URL (cited on 18 January 2005):
http://planet.iap.fr/.
|
 |
80 |
Irwin, M.J., Hewett, P.C., Corrigan, R.T., Jedrzejewski, R.I., and Webster, R.L., “Photometric
variations in the Q2237+0305 system: first detection of a microlensing event”, Astron. J., 98,
1989–1994, (1989). [ ADS].
|
 |
81 |
Jackson, N., ed., Golden Lenses: The Hubble Constant and Galaxies at High Redshift,
Proceedings of a workshop held at Jodrell Bank, University of Manchester, June 23 – 25 1997,
(Jodrell Bank Observatory, Manchester, 1997). Related online version (cited on 19 January
2005):
http://www.astro.multivax.de:8000/ceres/workshop1/proceedings.html.
|
 |
82 |
Jackson, N., “HST imaging of gravitational lens systems”, in Jackson, N., ed., Golden Lenses:
The Hubble Constant and Galaxies at High Redshift, Proceedings of a workshop held at Jodrell
Bank, University of Manchester, June 23 – 25 1997, (Jodrell Bank Observatory, Manchester,
1997). Related online version (cited on 19 January 2005):
http://www.astro.multivax.de:8000/ceres/workshop1/proceedings.html.
|
 |
83 |
Jaroszyński, M., Wambsganss, J., and Paczyński, B., “Microlensed Light Curves for Thin
Accretion Disks around Schwarzschild and Kerr Black Holes”, Astrophys. J. Lett., 396,
L65–L68, (1992). [ ADS].
|
 |
84 |
Kaiser, N., “Cluster Mass-to-Light Ratios from Weak Lensing”, personal homepage, Institute
for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii. URL (cited on 14 September 1998):
http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~kaiser/MLtable.html.
|
 |
85 |
Kaiser, N., “Nonlinear cluster lens reconstruction”, Astrophys. J. Lett., 439, L1–L4, (1995).
[ ADS].
|
 |
86 |
Kaiser, N., “Weak Gravitational Lensing: Current Status and Future Prospects”, arXiv e-print,
(1995). [ astro-ph/9509019].
|
 |
87 |
Kaiser, N., and Squires, G., “Mapping the dark matter with weak gravitational lensing”,
Astrophys. J., 404, 441–450, (1993). [ ADS].
|
 |
88 |
Kantowski, R., Vaughan, T., and Branch, D., “The Effects of Inhomogeneities on Evaluating
the Deceleration Parameter q0”, Astrophys. J., 447, 35–42, (1995). [ ADS].
|
 |
89 |
Kassiola, A., and Kovner, I., “Elliptic Mass Distributions versus Elliptic Potentials in
Gravitational Lenses”, Astrophys. J., 417, 450–473, (1993). [ ADS].
|
 |
90 |
Kayser, R., Refsdal, S., and Stabell, R., “Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational
Microlensing”, Astron. Astrophys., 166, 36–52, (1986). [ ADS].
|
 |
91 |
Kayser, R., Schramm, T., and Nieser, L., eds., Gravitational Lenses, Proceedings of a conference
held in Hamburg, Germany, 9–13 September 1991, Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 406, (Springer,
Berlin; New York, 1992).
|
 |
92 |
Keeton, C.R., and Kochanek, C.S., “Summary of Data on Multiply Imaged Systems”, in
Kochanek, C.S., and Hewitt, J.N., eds., Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing,
Proceedings of the 173rd Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in
Melbourne, Australia, 9–14 July, 1995, pp. 419–439, (Kluwer, Dordrecht; Boston, 1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
93 |
Keeton, C.R., and Kochanek, C.S., “Gravitational Lensing by Spiral Galaxies”, Astrophys. J.,
495, 157–169, (1998). [ ADS].
|
 |
94 |
King, L.J., Jackson, N.J., Blandford, R.D., Bremer, M.N., Browne, I.W.A., de Bruyn, A.G.,
Fassnacht, C., Koopmans, L., Marlow, D., Nair, S., and Wilkinson, P.N., “A complete infrared
Einstein ring in the gravitational lens system B1938+666”, Astrophys. J., 76, 765, (1971).
|
 |
95 |
Klimov, Y.G., “The deflection of light rays in the gravitational fields of galaxies”, Sov. Phys.
Dokl., 8, 119–122, (1963).
|
 |
96 |
Kneib, J.-P., “Arcs Gallery”, project homepage, Astrophysics Laboratory of Toulouse and
Tarbes. URL (cited on 18 January 1998):
http://webast.ast.obs-mip.fr/latt/cosmo/arc.html.
|
 |
97 |
Kneib, J.-P., “Hubble Space Telescope Cluster Lenses Gallery”, personal homepage,
Astrophysics Laboratory of Toulouse and Tarbes. URL (cited on 31 August 2001):
http://webast.ast.obs-mip.fr/users/kneib/hstarcs/.
|
 |
98 |
Kneib, J.-P., Ellis, R.S., Smail, I., Couch, W.J., and Sharples, R.M., “Hubble Space Telescope
observations of the lensing cluster Abell 2218”, Astrophys. J., 471, 643–656, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
99 |
Kneib, J.-P., Mellier, Y., Fort, B., and Mathez, G., “The Dark Matter Distribution in Distant
Cluster-Lenses: Modelling A370”, Astron. Astrophys., 273, 367–376, (1993). [ ADS].
|
 |
100 |
Kochanek, C.S., “Evidence for dark matter in MG1654+134”, Astrophys. J., 445, 559–577,
(1995). [ ADS].
|
 |
101 |
Kochanek, C.S., “The Flat-Spectrum Radio Luminosity Function, Gravitational Lensing,
Galaxy Ellipticities, and Cosmology”, Astrophys. J., 473, 595–609, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
102 |
Kochanek, C.S., “Is There a Cosmological Constant?”, Astrophys. J., 466, 638–659, (1996).
[ ADS].
|
 |
103 |
Kochanek, C.S., and Hewitt, J.N., eds., Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing,
Proceedings of the 173rd Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in
Melbourne, Australia, 9 – 14 July, 1995, (Kluwer, Dordrecht; Boston, 1996).
|
 |
104 |
Kormann, R., Schneider, P., and Bartelmann, M., “Isothermal elliptical gravitational lens
models”, Astron. Astrophys., 284, 285–299, (1994). [ ADS].
|
 |
105 |
Kundić, T., Turner, E.L., Colley, W.N., Gott III, J.R., Rhoads, J.E., Wang, Y., Bergeron,
L.E., Gloria, K.A., Long, D.C., Malhotra, S., and Wambsganss, J., “A Robust Determination
of the Time Delay in 0957+561A, B and a Measurement of the Global Value of Hubble’s
Constant”, Astrophys. J., 482, 75–82, (1997). [ DOI], [ ADS].
|
 |
106 |
Kundić, T., and Wambsganss, J., “Gravitational Microlensing: The Effect of Random Motion
of Individual Stars in the Lensing Galaxy”, Astrophys. J., 404, 455–459, (1993). [ ADS].
|
 |
107 |
Lebach, D.E., Corey, B.E., Shapiro, I.I., Ratner, M.I., Webber, J.C., Rogers, A.E.E., Davis,
J.L., and Herring, T.A., “Measurement of the Solar Gravitational Deflection of Radio Waves
Using Very-Long-Baseline Interferometry”, Phys. Rev. Lett., 75, 1439–1442, (1995).
|
 |
108 |
Lennon, D.J., Mao, S., Fuhrmann, K., and Gehren, T., “The First Spectroscopic Observations
of Caustic Crossing in a Binary Microlensing Event”, Astrophys. J., 471, L23–L26, (1996).
[ ADS].
|
 |
109 |
Lewis, G.F., Irwin, M.J., and Hewett, P.C., “Microlensing Induced Spectral Variability
In Q2237+0305”, in Kochanek, C.S., and Hewitt, J.N., eds., Astrophysical Applications of
Gravitational Lensing, Proceedings of the 173rd Symposium of the International Astronomical
Union, held in Melbourne, Australia, 9 – 14 July, 1995, pp. 241–246, (Kluwer, Dordrecht;
Boston, 1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
110 |
Lewis, G.F., Irwin, M.J., Hewett, P.C., and Foltz, C.B., “Microlensing-induced spectral
variability in Q 2237+0305”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 295, 573–586, (1998).
[ astro-ph/9711018].
|
 |
111 |
Liebes Jr, S., “Gravitational Lenses”, Phys. Rev., 133, 835–844, (1964).
|
 |
112 |
Link, F., “Photometric tables for Einstein’s deflection of the light”, Bull. Astron. Inst. Czech.,
18, 215–218, (1967).
|
 |
113 |
Luppino, G.A., and Kaiser, N., “Detection of Weak Lensing by a Cluster of Galaxies at z=0.83”,
Astrophys. J., 475, 20–28, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
114 |
Lynds, R., and Petrosian, V., “Giant luminous arcs in galaxy clusters”, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc.,
18, 1014–1014, (1986).
|
 |
115 |
Mao, S., and Paczyński, B., “Gravitational microlensing by double stars and planetary
systems”, Astrophys. J., 374, L37–L40, (1991). [ ADS].
|
 |
116 |
Maoz, D., Bahcall, J.N., Schneider, D.P., Bahcall, N.A., and Djorgovski, S.G., “The Hubble
Space Telescope snapshot survey. IV. A summary of the search for gravitationally lensed
quasars”, Astrophys. J., 409, 28–41, (1993). [ ADS].
|
 |
117 |
Maoz, D., and Rix, H.-W., “Early-type galaxies, dark halos, and gravitational lensing
statistics”, Astrophys. J., 416, 425–443, (1993). [ ADS].
|
 |
118 |
Maoz, D., Rix, H.-W., Gal-Yam, A., and Gould, A., “A Survey for Large-Image Separation
Lensed Quasars”, Astrophys. J., 486, 75–84, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
119 |
Martínez-González, E., Sanz, J.L., and Cayón, L., “The Effect of Weak Gravitational
Lensing on the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy: Flat versus Open Universe Models”,
Astrophys. J., 484, 1–6, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
120 |
McKenzie, R.H., “A gravitational lens produces an odd number of images”, J. Math. Phys.,
26, 1592–1596, (1985).
|
 |
121 |
Mellier, Y., Fort, B., and Soucail, G., eds., Gravitational Lensing, Proceedings of a Workshop
held in Toulouse, France, September 13–15, 1989, Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 360, (Springer,
Berlin; New York, 1989).
|
 |
122 |
Metcalf, R.B., and Silk, J., “Gravitational Magnification of the Cosmic Microwave
Background”, Astrophys. J., 489, 1–6, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
123 |
Metzner, A.W.K., “Observable Properties of large relativistic masses”, J. Math. Phys., 4,
1194–1205, (1963).
|
 |
124 |
Miralda-Escudé, J., “Microlensing Events from Measurements of the Deflection”, Astrophys.
J., 470, L113–L116, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
125 |
Moran, J.M., Hewitt, J.N., and Lo, K.Y., eds., Gravitational Lenses, Proceedings of a conference
held at the MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, in honour of Bernard F. Burke’s 60th birthday,
June 20, 1988, Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 330, (Springer, Berlin; New York, 1989).
|
 |
126 |
Narayan, R., and Bartelmann, M., “Lectures on Gravitational Lensing”, in Dekel, A., and
Ostriker, J.P., eds., Formation of Structure in the Universe, Proceedings of the 1995 Jerusalem
Winter School, (Cambridge University Press, New York, 1999). Related online version (cited
on 15 September 1998):
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~narayan/papers/JeruLect.ps.
|
 |
127 |
Natarajan, P., and Kneib, J.-P., “Probing the dynamics of cluster-lenses”, Mon. Not. R. Astron.
Soc., 283, 1031–1046, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
128 |
Natarajan, P., and Kneib, J.-P., “Lensing by galaxy haloes in clusters of galaxies”, Mon. Not.
R. Astron. Soc., 287, 833–847, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
129 |
Nemiroff, R.J., “Limits on compact dark matter from null results of searches for lensing of
quasistellar objects”, Phys. Rev. Lett., 66, 538–540, (1991). [ ADS].
|
 |
130 |
Noonan, T.W., “The Effect of the Einstein Light Deflection on Observed Properties of Clusters
of Galaxies”, Astron. J., 76, 765, (1971).
|
 |
131 |
Observational Astrophysics Group, “Gravitational Lensing”, project homepage. URL (cited on
14 September 1998):
http://vela.astro.ulg.ac.be/themes/extragal/gravlens/.
|
 |
132 |
Observational Astrophysics Group, University of Liège, “Multiply Imaged Quasars”, project
homepage. URL (cited on 18 January 2005):
http://vela.astro.ulg.ac.be/themes/extragal/gravlens/bibdat/engl/glc_homepage.html.
|
 |
133 |
Oscoz, A., Mediavilla, E., Goicoechea, L.-J., Serra-Ricart, M., and Buitrago, J., “Time delay
of QSO 0957+561 and cosmological implications”, Astrophys. J., 479, L89–92, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
134 |
Østensen, R., Refsdal, S., Stabell, R., Teuber, J., and Emanuelsen, P.I., “Monitoring of the
Einstein Cross with the Nordic Optical Telescope”, Astron. Astrophys., 303, 59–64, (1996).
|
 |
135 |
Paczyński, B., “Gravitational Microlensing at large optical depth”, Astrophys. J., 301,
503–516, (1986). [ ADS].
|
 |
136 |
Paczyński, B., “Gravitational Microlensing by the galactic Halo”, Astrophys. J., 304, 1–5,
(1986). [ ADS].
|
 |
137 |
Paczyński, B., “Gravitational Microlensing in the Local Group”, Annu. Rev. Astron.
Astrophys., 34, 419–459, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
138 |
Pelt, J., Kayser, R., Refsdal, S., and Schramm, T., “The light curve and the time delay of QSO
0957+561”, Astron. Astrophys., 305, 97–106, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
139 |
Petters, A.O., Levine, H., and Wambsganss, J., Singularity Theory and Gravitational Lensing,
(Birkhäuser, Basel, Switzerland; Boston, 1998).
|
 |
140 |
Pospieszalska-Surdej, A., Surdej, J., and Veron, P., “The ‘Gravitational Lensing’ Bibliography”,
in Kochanek, C.S., and Hewitt, J.N., eds., Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing,
Proceedings of the 173rd Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in
Melbourne, Australia, 9 – 14 July, 1995, pp. 415–418, (Kluwer, Dordrecht; Boston, 1996).
|
 |
141 |
Pratt, M.R. (The GMAN collaboration), “Real Time detection of gravitational microlensing”,
in Kochanek, C.S., and Hewitt, J.N., eds., Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing,
Proceedings of the 173rd Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in
Melbourne, Australia, 9 – 14 July, 1995, pp. 221–226, (Kluwer, Dordrecht; Boston, 1996).
|
 |
142 |
Press, W.H., “Prognosticating the Future of Gravitational lenses”, in Kochanek, C.S., and
Hewitt, J.N., eds., Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing, Proceedings of the 173rd
Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Melbourne, Australia, 9 – 14 July,
1995, pp. 407–414, (Kluwer, Dordrecht; Boston, 1996).
|
 |
143 |
Press, W.H., and Gunn, J.E., “Method for detecting a cosmological density of condensed
objects”, Astrophys. J., 185, 397–412, (1973). [ ADS].
|
 |
144 |
Press, W.H., Rybicki, G.B., and Hewitt, J.N., “The time delay of gravitational lens 0957+561.
II. Analysis of radio data, and combined optical-radio analysis”, Astrophys. J., 385, 416–420,
(1992). [ ADS].
|
 |
145 |
Rauch, K.P., and Blandford, R.D., “Microlensing and the structure of active galactic nucleus
accretion disks”, Astrophys. J., 381, 39, (1991). [ ADS].
|
 |
146 |
Refsdal, S., “The gravitational lens effect”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 128, 295, (1964).
|
 |
147 |
Refsdal, S., “On the possibility of determining Hubble’s parameter and the masses of galaxies
from the gravitational lens effect”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 128, 307–310, (1964). [ ADS].
|
 |
148 |
Refsdal, S., “On the possibility of determining the distance and masses of stars from the
gravitational lens effect”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 132, 101, (1966).
|
 |
149 |
Refsdal, S., “On the possibility of testing cosmological theories from the gravitational lens
effect”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 132, 101, (1966).
|
 |
150 |
Refsdal, S., “On the Propagation of light in universes with inhomogeneous mass distribution”,
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 159, 357, (1970).
|
 |
151 |
Refsdal, S., and Surdej, J., “Gravitational Lenses”, Rep. Prog. Phys., 56, 117, (1994).
|
 |
152 |
Renault, C., Afonso, C., Aubourg, É., Bareyre, P., Bauer, F., Brehin, S., Coutures,
C., Gaucherel, C., Glicenstein, J.F., Goldman, B., Gros, M., Hardin, D., de Kat, J.,
Lachièze-Rey, M., Laurent, B., Lesquoy, É., Magneville, C., Milsztajn, A., Moscoso, L.,
Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Queinnec, F., Rich, J., Spiro, M., Vigroux, L., Zylberajch, S., Ansari,
R., Cavalier, F., Couchot, F., Mansoux, B., Moniez, M., Perdereau, O., Beaulieu, J.-P., Ferlet,
R., Grison, P., Vidal-Madjar, A., Guibert, J., Moreau, O., Maurice, É., Prèvôt, L., Gry, C.,
Char, S., and Fernandez, J., “Observational limits on machos in the Galactic Halo”, Astron.
Astrophys., 324, L69–L72, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
153 |
Renn, J., Sauer, T., and Stachel, J., “The origin of gravitational lensing: A postscript to
Einstein’s 1936 Science paper”, Science, 275, 184–186, (1997).
|
 |
154 |
Rix, H.-W., “Lensing Limits on the cosmological constant”, in Kochanek, C.S., and Hewitt,
J.N., eds., Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing, Proceedings of the 173rd
Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Melbourne, Australia, 9 – 14 July,
1995, pp. 1–6, (Kluwer, Dordrecht; Boston, 1996).
|
 |
155 |
Robinson, L.J., “Early Thoughts About Lenses in the Sky”, Sky and Telescope, 66, 387–389,
(1983).
|
 |
156 |
Roulet, E., and Mollerach, S., “Microlensing”, Phys. Rep., 279, 67–118, (1997).
|
 |
157 |
Sachs, R.K., “Gravitational waves in general relativity VI. The outgoing radiation condition”,
Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 264, 309–338, (1961).
|
 |
158 |
Sanitt, N., “Quasi-stellar objects and gravitational lenses”, Nature, 234, 199–201, (1971).
|
 |
159 |
Schechter, P.L., “Distance Estimates From Time Delay Measurements Of Multiply Imaged,
Gravitationally Lensed QSOS: Observational Perspective”, in Egret, D., ed., How far can you
go? A critical review of the distance scale of the universe, Proceedings of a workshop organized
by the Observatoire de Strasbourg La Petite Pierre (Alsace), 25 – 27 June 1997, (Observatoire
astronomique de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France, 1997). URL (cited on 31 August 2001):
http://astro.u-strasbg.fr/howfar/schechter.html.
|
 |
160 |
Schechter, P.L., Bailyn, C.D., Barr, R., Barvainis, R., Becker, C.M., Bernstein, G.M., Blakeslee,
J.P., Bus, S.J., Dressler, A., Falco, E.E., Fesen, R.A., Fischer, P., Gebhardt, K., Harmer, D.,
Hewitt, J.N., Hjorth, J., Hurt, T., Jaunsen, A.O., Mateo, M., Mehlert, D., Richstone, D.O.,
Sparke, L.S., Thorstensen, J.R., Tonry, J.L., Wegner, G., Willmarth, D.W., and Worthey, G.,
“The Quadruple Gravitational Lens PG 1115+080: Time Delays and Models”, Astrophys. J.
Lett., 475, L85–L88, (1997). [ DOI], [ ADS].
|
 |
161 |
Schild, R., and Thomson, D.J., “Twin QSO Q0957+561 time delay dataset”, Astrophys. J.,
109, 1970–1979, (1995). [ ADS].
|
 |
162 |
Schild, R., and Thomson, D.J., “The Q0957+561 Time Delay From Optical Data”, Astron. J.,
113, 130–135, (1997). [ DOI], [ ADS].
|
 |
163 |
Schneider, P., “The amplification caused by gravitational bending of light”, Astron. Astrophys.,
40, 119–124, (1984). [ ADS].
|
 |
164 |
Schneider, P., “A new formulation of gravitational lens theory, time-delay, and Fermat’s
principle”, Astron. Astrophys., 143, 413–420, (1985). [ ADS].
|
 |
165 |
Schneider, P., “Upper bounds on the cosmological density of compact objects with sub-solar
masses from the variability of QSOs”, Astron. Astrophys., 279, 1–20, (1993). [ ADS].
|
 |
166 |
Schneider, P., “Detection of (dark) matter concentrations via weak gravitational lensing”, Mon.
Not. R. Astron. Soc., 283, 837–853, (1996).
|
 |
167 |
Schneider, P., Ehlers, J., and Falco, E.E., Gravitational Lenses, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Library, (Springer, Berlin; New York, 1992).
|
 |
168 |
Schneider, P., and Seitz, C., “Steps towards nonlinear cluster inversion through gravitational
distortions. I.Basic considerations and circular clusters”, Astron. Astrophys., 294, 411–431,
(1995). [ ADS].
|
 |
169 |
Schneider, P., and Weiss, A., “A gravitational lens origin for AGN-variability? Consequences
of micro-lensing”, Astron. Astrophys., 171, 49–65, (1987). [ ADS].
|
 |
170 |
Schramm, T., “A toolbox for general elliptical gravitational lenses”, Astron. Astrophys., 284,
44–50, (1994).
|
 |
171 |
Seitz, C., Kneib, J.-P., Schneider, P., and Seitz, S., “The mass distribution of CL0939+4713
obtained from a ‘weak’ lensing analysis of a WFPC2 image”, Astron. Astrophys., 314, 707–720,
(1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
172 |
Seitz, S., and Schneider, P., “Cluster lens reconstruction using only observed local data: an
improved finite-field inversion technique”, Astron. Astrophys., 305, 383–401, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
173 |
Seljak, U., “Gravitational lensing effect on cosmic microwave background anisotropies: a power
spectrum approach”, Astrophys. J., 463, 1–7, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
174 |
Smail, I., Ellis, R.S., Fitchett, M.J., and Edge, A.C., “Gravitational lensing of distant field
galaxies by rich clusters – II. Cluster mass distribution”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 273,
277–294, (1995).
|
 |
175 |
Soldner, J., “Über die Ablenkung eines Lichtstrahls von seiner geradlinigen Bewegung durch
die Attraktion eines Weltkörpers, an welchem er nahe vorbeigeht”, Berliner Astronomisches
Jahrbuch, 1804, 161–172, (1801).
|
 |
176 |
Soucail, G., Fort, B., Mellier, Y., and Picat, J.P., “A blue ring-like structure in the center of
the A 370 cluster of galaxies”, Astron. Astrophys., 172, L14–L16, (1987). [ ADS].
|
 |
177 |
Space Telescope Science Institute, “Gravitational Lens Captures Image of Primeval Galaxy”,
project homepage. URL (cited on 14 September 1998):
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1996/10/image/a.
|
 |
178 |
Squires, G., and Kaiser, N., “Unbiased cluster lens reconstruction”, Astrophys. J., 473, 65–80,
(1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
179 |
Surdej, J., Fraipont-Caro, D., Gosset, E., Refsdal, S., and Remy., M., eds., Gravitational
Lenses in the Universe, Proceedings of the 31th Liége Astrophysical Colloquium, (Presses
universitaires de Liège, Liège, Belgium, 1993), Liége Astrophysical Colloquium.
|
 |
180 |
Swings, J.P., ed., Quasars and Gravitational Lenses, Proceedings of the 24th Liège
International Astrophysical Colloquium, June 21–24, 1983, (Université de Liège, Institut
d’astrophysique, Liège, Belgium, 1983).
|
 |
181 |
Turner, E.L., “Gravitational lensing limits on the cosmological constant in a flat universe”,
Astrophys. J. Lett., 365, L43–L46, (1990). [ ADS].
|
 |
182 |
Turner, E.L., Ostriker, J.P., and Gott III, J.R., “The statistics of gravitational lenses: the
distributions of image angular separations and lens redshifts”, Astrophys. J., 284, 1–22, (1984).
[ ADS].
|
 |
183 |
Tyson, J.A., Valdes, F., Jarvis, J.F., and Mills, A.P., “Galaxy mass distribution from
gravitational light deflection”, Astrophys. J., 281, L59–L62, (1984). [ ADS].
|
 |
184 |
Tyson, J.A., Valdes, F., and Wenk, R.A., “Detection of systematic gravitational lens image
alignments: mapping dark matter in galaxy clusters”, Astrophys. J. Lett., 349, L1–L4, (1990).
[ ADS].
|
 |
185 |
Udalski, A., Kubiak, M., and Szymański, M., “Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment.
OGLE-2 – The Second Phase of the OGLE Project”, Acta Astron., 47, 319–344, (1997).
|
 |
186 |
Udalski, A., Szymański, M., Kałużny, J., Kubiak, M., and Krzemiński, W., “The optical
gravitational lensing experiment. Discovery of the first candidate microlensing event in the
direction of the Galactic Bulge”, Acta Astron., 43, 289–294, (1993). [ ADS].
|
 |
187 |
Udalski, A., Szymański, M., Mao, S., Di Stefano, R., Kałużny, J., Kubiak, M., Mateo, M.,
and Krzemiński, W., “The optical gravitational lensing experiment: OGLE no. 7: Binary
microlens or a new unusual variable?”, Astrophys. J., 436, 103–106, (1994). [ ADS].
|
 |
188 |
Udalski, A., Szymański, M., Stanek, K.Z., Kałużny, J., Kubiak, M., Mateo, M., Krzemiński,
W., Paczyński, B., and Venkat, R., “The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. The
Optical Depth to Gravitational Microlensing in the Direction of the Galactic Bulge”, Acta
Astron., 44, 165–189, (1994). [ ADS].
|
 |
189 |
Valdes, F., Tyson, J.A., and Jarvis, J.F., “Alignment of faint galaxy images: Cosmological
distortion and rotation”, Astrophys. J., 271, 431–441, (1983). [ ADS].
|
 |
190 |
Vanderriest, C., Schneider, J., Herpe, G., Chèvreton, M., Moles, M., and Wlérick, G., “The
value of the time delay ΔT (A, B) for the ‘double’ quasar 0957+561 from optical photometric
monitoring”, Astron. Astrophys., 215, 1–13, (1989). [ ADS].
|
 |
191 |
Victoria University of Wellington, “Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) Project
Homepage”, project homepage. URL (cited on 11 May 2009):
http://www.phys.canterbury.ac.nz/moa/.
|
 |
192 |
Walsh, D., “0957+561: The unpublished Story”, in Gravitational Lenses, Proceedings of a
conference held at the MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, in honour of Bernard F. Burke’s 60th
birthday, June 20, 1988, Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 330, pp. 11–22, (Springer, Berlin; New
York, 1989).
|
 |
193 |
Walsh, D., Carswell, R.F., and Weymann, R.J., “0957+561 A, B: twin quasistellar objects or
gravitational lens?”, Nature, 279, 381–384, (1979). [ DOI].
|
 |
194 |
Wambsganss, J., Gravitational Microlensing, Ph.D. Thesis, (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität,
Munich, 1990). [ ADS]. Also available as preprint MPA 550, MPI für Astrophysik.
|
 |
195 |
Wambsganss, J., “Discovering Galactic planets by gravitational microlensing: magnification
patterns and light curves”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 284, 172–188, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
196 |
Wambsganss, J., Cen, R., Xu, G., and Ostriker, J.P., “Effects of Weak Gravitational Lensing
on the Determination of q0”, Astrophys. J. Lett., 475, L81–L84, (1997). [ ADS].
|
 |
197 |
Wambsganss, J., and Kundić, T., “Gravitational microlensing by random motion of stars:
analysis of light curves”, Astrophys. J., 450, 19–26, (1995). [ ADS].
|
 |
198 |
Wambsganss, J., Paczyński, B., and Schneider, P., “Interpretation of the microlensing event
in QSO 2237+0305”, Astrophys. J. Lett., 358, L33–L36, (1990). [ ADS].
|
 |
199 |
Warsaw University Astronomical Observatory, “Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment
(OGLE) Homepage”, project homepage. URL (cited on 11 May 2009):
http://ogle.astrouw.edu.pl/.
|
 |
200 |
Webster, R.L., Ferguson, A.M.N., Corrigan, R.T., and Irwin, M.J., “Interpreting the lightcurve
of Q 2237+0305”, Astrophys. J., 102, 1939–1945, (1991). [ ADS].
|
 |
201 |
Webster, R.L., Hewett, P.C., and Irwin, M.J., “An automated survey for gravitational lenses”,
Astron. J., 95, 19–25, (1988). [ ADS].
|
 |
202 |
Weinberg, S., Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory
of Relativity, (Wiley, New York, 1972).
|
 |
203 |
Welch, D., and Quinn, P., “MACHO Project Home Page”, project homepage, McMaster
University. URL (cited on 14 September 1998):
http://wwwmacho.mcmaster.ca/.
|
 |
204 |
Williams, L.L.R., and Irwin, M.J., “Angular correlations between LBQS and APM: weak
lensing by the large-scale structure”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 289, 378–386, (1998).
[ astro-ph/9804032].
|
 |
205 |
Williams, L.L.R., and Schechter, P.L., “Measurement of the Hubble Constant via Gravitational
Lensing – A Review of the Jodrell Bank ‘Golden Lenses’ Workshop”, Astron. Geophys., 38,
10–14, (1997). [ astro-ph/9709059].
|
 |
206 |
Wilson, G., Cole, S., and Frenk, C.S., “Cluster mass reconstruction from weak gravitational
lensing”, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 280, 199–218, (1996). [ ADS].
|
 |
207 |
Witt, H.J., Kayser, R., and Refsdal, S., “Microlensing predictions for the Einstein Cross
2237+0305”, Astron. Astrophys., 268, 501–510, (1993). [ ADS].
|
 |
208 |
Wu, X.-P., “Gravitational Lensing in the Universe”, Fundam. Cosmic Phys., 17, 1–94, (1996).
|
 |
209 |
Yee, H.K.C., Filippenko, A.V., and Tang, D., “A high-resolution gravitational lens survey”,
Astron. J., 105, 7–16, (1993). [ ADS].
|
 |
210 |
Zwicky, F., “Nebulae as Gravitational Lenses”, Phys. Rev. Lett., 51, 290, (1937).
|
 |
211 |
Zwicky, F., “On the Probability of Detecting Nebulae Which Act as Gravitational Lenses”,
Phys. Rev. Lett., 51, 679, (1937).
|